6/23/2023 0 Comments Beck depression inventoryIn his view, it was the case that these cognitions caused depression, rather than being generated by depression.īeck developed a triad of negative cognitions about the world, the future, and the self, which play a major role in depression.Īn example of the triad in action taken from Brown (1995) is the case of a student obtaining poor exam results: īeck drew attention to the importance of "negative cognitions" described as sustained, inaccurate, and often intrusive negative thoughts about the self. Development and history Īccording to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or severity of a given symptom. The BDI was used as a model for the development of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), first published in 1979 by clinical psychologist Maria Kovacs. The BDI is widely used as an assessment tool by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. There are three versions of the BDI-the original BDI, first published in 1961 and later revised in 1978 as the BDI-1A, and the BDI-II, published in 1996. In its current version, the BDI-II is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex. Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patient's own thoughts. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression. Pending the results of further studies, the attributes of the PHQ-9, of being shorter and based on the diagnostic criteria for depression, may indicate an advantage over the BDI-II.īDI-II PHQ-9 depression psychometric properties treatment.The Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Differences were found in how they categorised severity. The BDI-II and PHQ-9 demonstrated adequate reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and similar responsiveness to change. The consistency of agreement on indices of clinical significance was fair to moderate, but the BDI-II categorised a greater proportion of participants with severe depression than the PHQ-9. Responsiveness to change of PHQ-9 and BDI-II was similar at both posttreatment and follow-up. Both scales converged more with each other than with the Sheehan Disability Scale at pre- but not at posttreatment. Factor analysis failed to confirm the one-factor model previously reported for the PHQ-9, but two factors evidenced good fit for the BDI-II. Both scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency at pre- and posttreatment (PHQ-9 α =. Tests of internal consistency (Cronbach's α), factor analyses, correlational analyses, estimates of clinically significant change, and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated after treatment and follow-up. The PHQ-9 and BDI-II scores from 172 depressed participants in two randomized controlled trials of treatment for depression were assessed and combined. The authors assessed psychometric properties of both measures during treatment for depression. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) are frequently used measures of depression severity, but little is known about their relative psychometric properties.
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